Monday, 25 February 2013

Object Oriented Programming Languages


By Raul Bernardino

In the general, when we are developing system applications or computer programs with the object oriented or structured programming languages, we will meet several advantages and disadvantages. [1] Pascal and Assembler are examples of structured programming languages. Pascal is most popular uses to teach and helping students in the formal education. The structured programming language depends on the series of statements of the commands in which they are straight and cannot redirect to execute the statements in other area of the programming.

[2] If we compare the structured of the programming to the object oriented programming languages, the object oriented contains of the modular, which are can be reusable. As it’s a modular, it can be executed at several points, through-out the program. Moreover, it means, we do not need to rewrite the complexity of classes or functions. What we need to do, is to reuse them (modular). The popular object oriented languages are Java and C++.

The advantage of using structured programming:  It does not need to classes and complex functions. It is simply writing a straight forward piece of code, and totally depends on the purpose of having the program or application. We have to define program with a flexibility of creating function and procedures.

The disadvantage of using structure programming:  It will be taking up more time and energy to developing codes. We have to rewrite similar procedures or functions during programming code because it is not a reusable section. The procedure, function, and code are executing sequential. Therefore, you may found several similar codes repeatedly in the program. In short, we have to recreate same functions or procedures for same program.

The advantages to using object oriented programming languages: It consists of modular. It allows us to write a reusable piece of codes such as a function or a class, and it can be reuse multiple times in one program without to rewrite the whole process. This can save the developer much more time and effort in the development process. It can be distribute among the applications in the same platform which calls Application Program Interface (API). Some functions can be recalling from another program without recreate them.  In the short, create a program as an object oriented naturally comes with events, function, method or modular, procedures, and property.

The disadvantages of using an object oriented programming language: Probably one the disadvantage is full of complexity.

It is not recommended to use object oriented languages when developer is developing smaller or less complex programs or programs that are built to run on low powered computers, however it is recommend to use object oriented when it is more complex and programs or applications that runs in more powered computers.

[3] The object oriented language paradigm is reflecting to the human way of thinking and conceptualizing. Why is that, it is because in the object oriented language often use the exiting modular to it owns purposes of programming.
Talking about some keys concept of object oriented language, I can analogy them as a book.  

[4] Object: Gray Booch, (1991) define the object as “something you can do things to”. In this case, book is an object for us to read or write. Car is an object for us to use or drive.

[5] Function: the book can give us an answer or give us a reference of knowledge. The function in the object oriented is a program unit whereas we can call. It will be processing the inputs according to the function and it will return or giving an output or an answer to calling program unit.

Procedure: Who allow having or can read the book. How you get the book (buys it or borrows it). The book (control) is transferred to you to take over once you finished the reading you return to the owner. In this case procedure takes over the control and will return the result to the calling program unit once it processed.  

Event: It is a processing of reading and writing a book. An event is away for class to provide notification when something interest come about. 

Method: How you would like open or close the book. The Method is a collection of procedures in which contains a series of statements whereas to describe how the object is respond to the range on various event.

References:
[1] Janea Tyalor, Computers are Fun [internet].Available from: http://janeataylor.wordpress.com/2005/12/02/structured-vs-object-oriented-programming/ (Accessed: 5 November 2010)
[2] J. Glenn Brookshear, (2009) Computer science: An Overview. 10th Edition, Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley, Ch 6, P.281
[4] Booch, Grady. Object-Oriented Design with Applications. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Redwood City, CA. 1991, P. 516 [internet]. Available from: http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/ooa.html#REF_1  (Accessed: 5 November 2010)
[5] Key Object-Oriented Concepts and how to use them in Visual C# [Internet]. Available from:

3 comments:

  1. Moreover, Structured programming can be considered as a part of the imperative paradigm. It is based on control structures. There are four main control structures (Kennet, 2010) Control structures can be mapped using flowcharts.
    1. Sequence: Writing code in a linear fashion
    2. Selection: Deciding on choosing between two or more flows.
    3. Iteration: Repetition, instructions can be executed many times until some condition will be met.
    4. Branching: A control structure that allows the flow of execution to jump to a different part of the program.
    This model is associated with the “go to less” concept, or the “top-down” model of design which is based on analysis, and decomposition of problems.

    Reference,
    http://cnx.org/content/m19628/latest/

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  3. Additionally, [1]According to Giard (2009)
    Encapsulation is just help decoupling because external object cannot change the internal attributes of an object. Decoupling is also one of the concepts which can helps developer a lot and this
    concept is mostly ignored by the people who are trying to build Object-Oriented System.
    [2] While Polymorphism is the ability to use an operator or function in different ways. Polymorphism gives
    different meanings or functions to the operators or functions. Poly, referring to many, signifies the
    many uses of these operators and functions. A single function usage or an operator functioning in
    many ways can be called polymorphism. Polymorphism refers to codes, operations or objects that
    behave differently in different contexts.
    Bibliography
    [1] David Giard,2009. “Object Oriented Programming, Part 3: OOP Concepts” [online]. Available at :
    http://nplus1.org/articles/object-oriented-programming-part-3-oop-concepts/ (Accessed: 10 November 2010)
    [2]http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/c-plus-plus/polymorphism-an-introduction.html

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